Article 1 (written in 2018)

In 2008, evolutionary biologist Leonid Kruglyak said something profound on the subject of missing heritability, “It's a possibility that there's something we just don't fundamentally understand, that it's so different from what we're thinking about that we're not thinking about it yet.”

When he said that, unbeknownst to him, a young scientist around a thousand miles away was doing research which would eventually lead to the solution to the missing heritability problem. The solution came as the result of a series of (thousands) of discoveries which began in 2002. I will be sharing these discoveries, as well as the solution to the missing heritability problem, with you in informal articles, beginning with this one.

First, let me explain what makes the solution to the missing heritability problem important. With our current incomplete understanding of life, there are several things we can't do (because there are several things we don't really understand). Our current understanding of obesity, heart disease, schizophrenia, and cancer, as well as numerous other diseases and disorders, is not going to lead us to ever curing them or preventing them. Once the world is familiar with what I'm going to share in these articles, we'll finally reach a point where prevention of many of these diseases and disorders will be possible.

Without the understanding of that life that the solution to the missing heritability problem is going to give us, survival on other planets is not possible. This is important because two corporations and a government agency plan on sending people to live on Mars, and without the technology that can only come into existence with what I am going to share with you none of the people going to Mars are going to survive.

When you study genetics, you run into the phrase “genetic architecture.” It's in almost every article on genetics I've read, sometimes several times inå a single article. What you don't run into is the phrase “genetic architect.” This is because we assume there's no need to mention it. We assume there is one genetic architect – one force, or process, which is responsible for all genetic architecture. We refer to it as the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis (natural selection combined with Mendelian genetics). We learn about this architect in school. We learn that we get our genes through the mechanisms of inheritance and random mutation. When random mutations are advantageous to our survival, they get passed on and our species evolves. This process is the one and only genetic architect and is supposed to explain everything that happens on the genetic level – but it doesn't.

Recent discoveries in epigenetics are helping us to understand more about DNA than we did in the past. There are mechanisms being discovered that are providing answers to some of our questions. For example, epistasis, how genes interact to produce effects, is an epigenetic mechanism that explains why some genes are inherited but not expressed. We know how these mechanisms work, but we don't know what causes them. The assumption is that they're all either hereditary or caused by something random. Some of these mechanisms have been found to be hereditary for a few generations and some which aren't hereditary, like somatic epitypes (which I will discuss in another article), have been found to be caused by things such as diet or exposure to certain elements in the environment. Some of what we've found is in line with what we think we know, but for the most part the heredity and randomness that we expect to be there isn't there.

Maybe our assumptions are wrong, or maybe they're only half-right. Maybe there is something we just don't fundamentally understand that's so different from what we're thinking about that we're not even thinking about it yet, and until we do we're just going to keep walking around in the same circle over and over without ever being able to do any of the things we'll be able to do once we find this different something.

Many genetic disorders have reached epidemic proportions. Among them are obesity, heart disease, and cancer. The heritability of these disorders is missing (obesity has the highest heritability, while some cancers have heritability as low as 1%). They're too widespread to be the result of random mutations. Unhealthy lifestyle does contribute and many cancers are caused by pollution, radiation, and infection, but these diseases and disorders existed long before our current unhealthy way of living and before pollution. There is evidence that obesity and heart disease existed in prehistoric times. There are written records of cancer from as early as 1600 BC.

Where does the predisposition to having these disorders come from? Some people carry the gene variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) that are associated with these disorders, but the phenotype never gets expressed, something known as incomplete penetrance. So these people acquire genes with mutations, but their genes don't have a predisposition to expressing the phenotype of the disease. What accounts for the predisposition to what phenotypes are expressed? Heredity may account for a small percentage, but what accounts for the rest (the majority)?

If you look a little more deeply into obesity, you'll find that people with the predisposition for obesity have a predisposition for other disorders as well. These include PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), hypothyroidism, endometriosis, diabetes, macromastia, and hyperestrogenism. Basically, it's a predisposition to endocrine system problems. You could say that the predisposition is toward having problems with the glands (hormones), but that different people express different endotypes.

If you find out what causes the predisposition, then you're in a position where you can stop the disorder before it happens. Heredity and random mutation don't provide us with the causes. They are a part of the reason these disorders exist, but their part is not as all-determining as we have been taught to believe. In 2002, I began discovering genetic predispositions for groups of phenotypes (disease phenotypes as well as physical phenotypes) and I've steadily been making discoveries for over sixteen years. In 2017, I discovered what causes the predispositions.

The cause is not heredity, it isn't random mutation, and it doesn't lead to evolution. In other words, it isn't the genetic architect that was discovered in the 1800s. What I've been in the process of discovering since 2002 is another genetic architect.

I'm going to share the discovery of this architect with you over the next several months in a series of eight articles. The next four will cover the genetic predispositions. Then there will be an article about the genetic mechanisms involved. The two articles after that will be about what causes these mechanisms and predispositions, as well as a discussion on the technologies that will be made possible by our knowledge of this genetic architect.

There are some parallels between the discovery of the the Other Architect and the discovery of the first genetic architect. Both of the discoverers made their initial discoveries thousands of miles from home. They both went through a five year period of field research. They both expected that people would appreciate the nature of their discoveries but were disappointed by people's response. Both reacted to this by intensifying their research for several years. Also, both of them share several personality traits, as well as some genetic predispositions.

I, however, have not been contacted by anyone who has discovered and worked out for themselves the exact same thing I've been working on, signaling to me that it's time to share my work. What's prompting me to share everything I've discovered in the past seventeen years is the fact that two corporations and a government agency want to send people to live on another planet. I have to share everything I've discovered before any of those organizations sends anyone to live on another planet. Without this knowledge, human beings will not be able to survive on another planet.

After I share all of my work, it has to be verified. Verification can take years. Ideally, it could happen within a year, however, history has shown us that it take immensely long periods of time for people to even accept anything new (any concept or idea). Several factors combine to make progress slow, and very few people are willing to begin working on anything unless a large majority of people have already expressed their approval of it. The verification process could drag on for years.

After my findings are verified, we can begin work on the technologies that will ensure the survival of the people that are going to live on Mars, as well as the technologies that will stop genetic disorders by stopping the predisposition to their development. This process will also take years. If you examine the way discoveries tend to play out, you'll notice they tend to have four distinct stages. First is the initial discovery. Someone discovers a phenomenon or a new land. They explore this new discovery for a while to see if it's something worth sharing with the rest of the world. Then, its existence is verified. Then, other people start exploring this new land or phenomenon and discover things about it that the initial discoverer didn't discover. All of this goes on for decades, centuries even, depending on the discovery. Finally, all the discoveries are put to various practical uses, often leading to technologies that weren't possible before.

It's possible, with modern communication technology, to speed up the verification process. It's possible for discoveries to be verified faster than ever before. This means that, ideally, we can start the further discovery stage and the development of practical technologies within a year. But even if we do, the technologies are going to take several years (my estimate is ten to fifteen), so it's imperative that I share all of this now.

Without the predisposition for a genetic disorder, it doesn't matter if anyone in your family has it or not. With a predisposition, there is nothing that can prevent the disorder, or a related disorder, from occurring. Gene editing might be effective in helping an individual from having one particular disorder, but it won't prevent a related disorder from occurring. Gene editing doesn't work on the level of epistasis, which is just as important, if not more so, as individual genes. All that will happen with gene editing, in its current stage of development, is that the person who gets their genes edited will have to continue getting their genes edited for their entire life, the same way people who get their conditions treated have to continue treatments for their entire life. There are also disorders which we haven't been able to successfully treat – narcissistic personality disorder, sociopathy, and borderline personality disorder, for example. The knowledge I'm going to share is going to lead to a new kind of gene editing, one that will edit genetic predispositions. This will be something better than lifelong treatment and lifelong editing of single genes.

In the article Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the PZ1CDKN1A Gene and Correlations with Longevity in the Italian Population, it states, “centenarians likely lack numerous gene variants that are associated with age-related diseases and they may be more likely to carry protective variants as well.” The age-related diseases are cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Cardiovascular disease is part of three of the predispositions I've discovered. Alzheimer's is part of twenty seven. Diabetes is part of nine. Cancer is part of twelve. What is important about the statement in the article is that it's saying that centenarians likely lack certain predispositions, but that they also are more likely to have certain beneficial predispositions.

The Other Architect is all genetic predispositions, as well as all the things which cause them. It isn't a negative force or mechanism. There are positive genetic predispositions. Heightened physical and mental abilities, as well as heightened resistance to diseases caused by viruses. Negative predispositions can be prevented by blocking what causes them. We can also re-create the causes of the positive predispositions (keep in mind, I'll be discussing the causes of the predispositions in the seventh and eight articles).

Until we reach a point where technologies are developed that will allow us to live on another planet, and to prevent negative genetic predispositions, there are still some things our knowledge of the Other Architect will give us. It will explain things in the fields of genetics and epigenetics which currently have no explanation (other than conjectures based on our heredity bias and our randomness bias). It solves the missing heredity problem. It explains what causes the non-hereditary epigenetic mechanisms that have been discovered. It even helps to explain the hereditary ones. It explains pleiotropy. Because of the genetic disorders associated with these predispositions, each one is a prognostic marker, which means that even before any technologies are developed, this knowledge can be used in preventative treatments. Further studies will uncover hidden etiologies, as well as the mechanisms that influence these etiologies. It is possible that it will also help us to finally understand the origin of life. The evidence we have of the earliest life on this planet shows us that life began about 3.5 billion years ago, and that is also the same time that the Other Architect made its appearance.

All of these explanations will be found in the seventh and eighth articles. In the next four articles I'll be presenting you with individuals who have the genetic predispositions I've talked about. In the last ten years I have collected a list of over seven thousand people with genetic predispositions for specific disease phenotypes and over eighteen thousand people with genetic predispositions for specific physical phenotypes. I won't be presenting everyone on these lists. It will be a few thousand people with the disease phenotypes and few hundred people with the physical phenotypes.

All of the information I'll be presenting is public information. All of it can be verified by anyone with internet access. I didn't need to compromise anyone's private information, and neither will anyone who verifies the information I'm going to present. It's all in the public domain.

My focus over the last seventeen years has been humans. I've encountered evidence that everything I've discovered about genetic predispositions (and their causes) in humans is also true in other species, mammals in particular. The sooner we begin to study the effects of the Other Architect in other species, the better it will be because we don't have records of past individuals of any other species and that means we have to begin at ground zero. We have to start keeping records of the genetic disorders, as well as the physical appearances, of as many member of each species as we can for several generations. The earlier we begin, the better. If we don't start the process now, we're delaying the process of gathering extremely important information unnecessarily. The knowledge we'll get by studying other species will not only help us to have a deeper, more complete, understanding of life, it more than likely will also lead to many practical benefits, one of which will be an increase in employment for scientists all over the world.

Until this process begins, in other words until these finding have been verified, we can begin studying a few other species by going through veterinary records. The official verification of my discoveries could take a long time because of the politics involved, but that doesn't mean further investigation can't be carried out now by anyone who chooses to do so. If you read my articles and are interested in beginning further investigation, feel free to do so. I'll help you in any way that I can. If you're interested in beginning work on the technologies, it would be a good idea for you to contact me. I'll be presenting a good amount of information in the following articles, but it's not everything that I've discovered. For now, I'm willing to share everything with anyone who can, and who is willing to, do something useful with it, but to share all of it in informal articles would just overwhelm people.

If you work for the two corporations, or the government agency, who plan on sending people to Mars, you might want to tell everyone you work with about these articles. If your company or agency just does things the way they've already planned on doing them, the cost is going to be high – billions of dollars wasted and hundreds of lives lost. It would be foolish to assume that we already know everything about how life works, especially when there are things no one has been able to explain and problems no one has been able to solve (missing heritability, for example). To invest billions of dollars into something, and to risk hundreds of people's lives, in a venture which is largely based on the assumption that we already know everything we need to know about life despite repeatedly encountering things we can't explain goes against common sense. The sooner your organization works with me, the better it will be for what they're trying to do, and for everyone involved. The more people who you know who read these articles, the sooner this will happen. I'll be publishing one article a month, which means it will take less than a year for you to verify everything I have to say. Once you've verified everything, you'll be in a good position to make a decision.

I'm writing these articles anonymously as C. Scientist (the C is for Citizen) because doing things anonymously seems to be the best way to do things in modern society. Things aren't the same as they used to be. It's no longer fun to be well-known. Well-known people get harassed now. People focus on irrelevant things about you. Who you are, and what you're trying to say, gets lost. It's almost impossible to say anything if you're well-known. Would Charles Darwin even be able to share his message today? Wouldn't everyone just focus on him instead of on his message?

In today's society, it's easy to let yourself become an idol or an icon. It isn't really an issue of character, it's more about the nature of celebrity. The best way to avoid the traps is to remain anonymous. There are people doing some really great things anonymously. I'm not saying that only anonymous people can do great things. I'm just saying that celebrity can make it needlessly difficult.

People will focus on my choice to remain anonymous for a short while. Then, they'll accept it. Anyone who works with me is going to have to respect my choice. It will be like working with anyone else, except that I will require that you don't reveal my identity to anyone. It's worked for people who work with other anonymous people, it'll work for you. I choose to share my work this way so that it doesn't get subsumed in things that don't matter. If you don't understand this now, you will sometime soon.

If you're someone who is looking for a good cause to be a part of, and if you have the strength to stand up to all the attempts people are going to make to compromise that cause, then you're one of the people who is meant to be a part of what I'm sharing, and everything that is going to come out of it. There are many different reasons to want to be a part of it, but only the people whose reasons have nothing selfish or egotistical about them will be the people I choose to work with.

History has shown that very few people can appreciate anything that is genuinely new in the world of science. It takes several years for it to be recognized. On the other hand, it has also shown that a few individuals have the perception and strength of character to appreciate it in its early stages. I have already met one of these people. There are going to be a few more of you. You'll know who your are, and I'll know who you are when I meet you.

There are many different ways that you can be a part of this. There are going to be legal issues that have to be dealt with. Someone will need to handle social media. I'll need people to represent me when talking to people so that I can keep my anonymity. I'll need help finding the world's best engineers and scientists. Doctors and psychiatrists can help with the verification process. Geneticists and epigeneticists can help. If you'd like to help by making a blog, if you'd like to help me write a book, that would be playing a major part in the sharing/verification process. Anyone who wants to be a part of this can. Anyone who is interested in helping these discoveries become known and verified is in a position to do so, regardless of their age, training, or education. For example, if you'd like to help with the investigation of other species but don't have access to veterinary records you might know someone who does have access or someone who can get access (and you can tell them about these articles). If you have experience that would make you a good part of our team but you can't be a part of it for whatever reason, you can teach people who are part of the team what you know. There is something you can do, and there are people you know who can do something, too.

Make sure you read all of the articles before you make a decision. Make sure that you verify the information that I share. It's fun to verify something when it's something new. Imagine how fun it would have been to have read On the Origin of Species a hundred and sixty years ago, but with the technology we have today? You could have verified everything you read online and made an informed decision. People didn't really have that option back then. They had to rely on something other than readily available information, which was usually either their own prejudices or someone else's. We don't have to do that. We're privileged to be in a position where we can look up whatever we want whenever we want. This means that the verification process for the Other Architect doesn't have to be needlessly long and drawn out, which means we might not have to wait a hundred years before the really exciting things that come from further exploration start happening.

The next article is going to explore ten sets of genetic dispositions (what causes these predispositions is going to be discussed in the seventh and eighth articles). Each set will include the disease phenotypes and physical phenotypes associated with that predisposition. These phenotypical predispositions are variations of the main genetic predisposition. Each of these variations will be illustrated with people who have either the physical phenotype or the disease phenotype. You will be able to look all of these people up. You'll see that they have the genetic disorder which is part of the genetic disorders associated with that genetic predisposition. You'll also see that they have the physical phenotypes associated with that genetic predisposition.

The predispositions have numbers instead of names. The ten predispositions in the next article are called Predisposition 1, Predisposition 2, Predisposition 3, Predisposition 4, Predisposition 5, Predisposition 6, Predisposition 7, Predisposition 8, Predisposition 9, and Predisposition 10. Everyone has one or two of these genetic predispositions. Everyone has between four and nine total genetic predispositions. Some of these combine and the effect is a specific genetic predisposition which is a combination of both of them. Some of these combinations will be presented in the next article.

In the third article, I will present Predispositions 11 to 34. Everyone has one or two of these genetic predispositions.

In the fourth article, I will present Predispositions 35 to 58. Everyone has between one and three of these.

In the fifth article, I will present Predispositions 59 to 76. Everyone has one or two of these.

In the sixth article, I will discuss the mechanisms through which the Other Architect brings these predispositions into existence and turns them into phenotypes.

In the seventh and eighth articles, I will present two major components of the Other Architect, the two major causes of the phenotypes whose existence we haven't been able to collectively explain thus far. In other words I will be presenting the two major causes of the mechanisms discussed in the sixth article. What causes these mechanisms, and what guides them, has been one of science's biggest unsolved mysteries ever since their discovery. These two articles will solve this mystery.

The eight article will also discuss the technologies I have figured out based on what I have discovered. Two of the technologies will help us to survive in extraterrestrial environments. One of them will help to prevent the disposition to various genetic disorders. The more this technology is worked on, the more genetic disorders it will be able to prevent.

I'm sharing everything informally because that is how I choose to talk. I'll keep scientific terms to a minimum. The sixth, seventh, and eighth articles will begin with selections from articles by other authors that will help you to become acquainted with everything you need to know on the subjects that I'll be discussing. I'm going to be discussing things in two fields of science, but not to the point where it's like listening to a lecture at school. There are some things in the second, third, fourth, and fifth articles that you're going to have to look up, but all of it involves people and learning about people is something we all find interesting.

I won't be using these articles to promote any systems of thinking, or to disparage any systems of thinking. I'm not promoting any religions. I'm not putting any religions down. I'm not saying evolution doesn't exist. I'm not saying heredity doesn't exist. I'm not affiliated with any institutions, so none of these articles is meant to promote or advertise any of them. I'm not working for anyone. I haven't been paid for any of my work. My work is not going to harm anyone financially or politically. I have no personal vendettas or agendas. These discoveries will not justify any forms of discrimination. They don't “prove” that any groups are superior, or inferior, to any other groups.

What I'll be presenting are discoveries that will increase our understanding of life. Increases in knowledge have value in themselves. I only mention the practical benefits to explain why I'm sharing all of this now. If I didn't make these discoveries, someone else eventually would have. All of the things we haven't been able to explain could've led anyone to discovering everything I discovered. A person whose curiosity was stronger than the belief that everything of major importance has already been discovered, someone free from goals and agendas, in other words someone free from self-interest, would've noticed something and looked into it, which would've led to discovering something else. Eventually, they would have discovered everything that I discovered. Goals and agendas get in the way of science and discovery. Anyone who has a pre-set goal isn't doing science. If your goal is to find the cure for cancer, you'll never find it. You have to be free from self-interest and from prejudice. Those are the two things that kill the scientist in us. These are also the two things which are promoted the most in modern society. Even if you tell kids, “Science is amazing,” “You should be a scientist when you grow up,” almost every other message they hear tells them to develop the two most detrimental attitudes to science that exist. Someone else would have made the same discoveries but, because of the promotion of self-interest and prejudice, it would probably be decades from now. Very few people are free from these attitudes because they are taught to us our whole lives. I see it happen and I don't understand it. I also don't understand why no one's doing anything about it. Prejudice might seem to be intelligent, but it actually prevents intelligence from developing.

We're connected to something on this planet that affects us genetically, something that creates genetic architecture. We won't be able to survive on another planet if we don't take this something with us, and we'll never fully understand life until we understand this something. For years, we collectively believed in the existence of just one genetic architect. Now we are finding out that there is another. Neither of them encompasses the other. Their relationship is complementary. They both work together to produce all of the genetic architecture that exists on this planet. One of them tells us about fitness, survival, and evolution. The other one tells us about something just as powerful which we'll now be able to explore collectively.

I call this something the Other Architect. It involves forces and mechanisms, just as the architect we've been focusing all our research on has. I name these forces in the sixth, seventh, and eighth articles. I choose to name them after I describe, rather than in this introduction, because of the prevalence of the attitude of prejudice in this society. This attitude will get in the way of understanding. I am describing something newly discovered. To describe it I will use words which already have meanings, but I'll be giving the words new meanings. I have to give the descriptions and the new meanings before I use the words because the old definitions will get in the way of understanding the words in the new ay in which I'll be using them.

I didn't discover any of the mechanisms through which the Other Architect creates genetic architecture. All of the mechanisms haven't even been discovered. New ones are discovered every year. I only discovered all of the main genetic predispositions and thousands of variations that result from these mechanisms. I discovered what activates these mechanisms, which may eventually help us to discover and understand how life on this planet began*. These discoveries were the result of tens of thousands of hours of research. They came one after the other, in a steady stream, over the course of several years. I've been wanting to share them with the world for a long time, but sharing them too soon would probably have prevented me from making all of the discoveries I needed to make to present the Other Architect as completely as I can now.

There are still discoveries to be made. There are tens of thousands of variations of the main genetic predispositions to be discovered. There are thousands of other species whose genetic predispositions can be classified and studied. Almost every biological study and experiment we've ever done needs to be redone. Part of the reason we've seen conflicting results is because we were completely ignorant of one half of the mechanisms and forces that make up what we call life.

Nutrition is one of the areas where conflicting findings continually occur. The reason is that people with specific genetic predispositions have certain specific nutritional needs. Some things are beneficial to people with one predisposition, but harmful to people with another predisposition. Some things are harmful to people with certain predispositions, but beneficial to people with other predispositions. Once nutrition incorporates knowledge of all the genetic predispositions, it will cease to have conflicting findings and will eventually become an exact science.

Any field that has anything to do with life is going to be changed by these discoveries. New areas of research are going to open up. Because our knowledge of life is going to be much more complete, what we're able to do is going to increase immensely. Everything that a lack of knowledge prevented us from understanding and doing will be understood and done. Problems that a lack of knowledge prevented us from solving will be solved.

In the next seven articles, I'll be sharing something for you to explore. If you're an explorer, if you have the ability to look at things as they are without any prejudices or agendas, you won't have any problems with it. You'll be able to see what I show you and understand what I tell you.

These articles are for everyone. If you're interested in knowledge for knowledge's sake, if you're interested in curing diseases (by preventing them), if you're interested in living on other planets, if you're interested in technology, if you're interested in why people look the way they do, or even if you're just interested in looking at people – everything I've been working on is for you and I look forward to hearing what you have to say.

* The experiment would be simple: construct a simulation of the Other Architect in a lab and add organic matter along with everything essential to life, in other words re-create the beginning of life, and see what happens.